What is Nail Fungus?

Nail fungus is made up of tiny organisms (Tinea Unguium) that can infect fingernails and toenails. The medical term for is "onychomycosis" (on-ih-ko-my-KO-sis). Most of the time, our toenails and fingernails operate as very effective barriers. As a rule, they keep dirt, bacteria and fungi out. But while our nails are generally good at keeping superficial infections from entering and taking hold, sometimes they are overwhelmed, and once fungi break the barrier, they tend to settle in for long-term residence. Unfortunately, the barrier that usually protects us from getting infected also makes it difficult to treat infections that have penetrated it. Nail fungal infections develop rather slowly, and can be difficult to cure. The is hard to eliminate and needs treatment with proper medications, once it establishes itself in your nail bed. Once it has made it behind the barrier protection, it can be difficult to reach.

Almost 30 million individuals are affected by nail fungal infections in the United States. The thrives in the warm dark and protected environment behind the nail, attracted to keratin which is a substance in your nails and skin. Women who wear nail polish and acrylic nails are more likely to develop nail fungal infection, because plastic or acrylic nails can trap moisture and creating a moist and dark environment where fungus can thrive.

Most of the time, nail fungal infections appear in the toenails, although this can be spread to the fingernails too. Socks and shoes keep our feet in a dark, moist environment that is highly attractive to fungi. In fact, some doctors estimate that the toenails are at least six to seven times more likely to developing a nail fungal infection. Going barefoot may expose you to many things, but it has its advantages! Fungal infections start at the base of the nail and then spread upwards. As the fungal infection spreads, your nail may begin



to grow irregularly and change in appearance. The nail may become discoloured, brittle, look crumbly and the skin red and irritated.

It's no fun to have a nail fungal infection. Anyone who's had one will recognize the painful collection of symptoms, which can range from mild discomforts to excruciating pain. Other common symptoms include itchiness and tenderness around the sides of the nails and cuticles. In more severe or advanced cases, the nail may begin to bleed and the cuticles may even become detached. It may become thick and sometimes develop white spots, and irregular grooves and holes. Discolouration is normal; the nail will take on a yellowish-green tint, or sometimes a dark yellow or brown.

Although not especially common, nail fungal infections can be contagious. The fungal organisms can spread from one individual to another, so it's wise to avoid walking barefoot on wet public surfaces or letting your feet or hands stay wet for long periods of time. Keeping your nails clean and healthy is the best way to prevent micro organisms from being trapped underneath the skin. If you think you may be prone to nail fungal infections, keep your nails cut clean and straight. Avoid acrylic or plastic nails, and keep your feet dry and hands dry. If you think you may be infected, soak your nails in salt water for a stop-gap solution. Over the counter ointments like tea tree oil and lamasil can be helpful, but may not be powerful enough for more advanced cases. Oral prescription medications from your doctor can help where the infection has progressed, although you should note these can have serious side effects.

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